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#arabic

8 posts8 participants2 posts today
Paul Giulan<p>Most spoken <a href="https://federate.social/tags/language" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>language</span></a> in every <a href="https://federate.social/tags/US" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>US</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/state" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>state</span></a>, other than English and Spanish</p><p><a href="https://federate.social/tags/Aleut" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Aleut</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/German" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>German</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Navajo" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Navajo</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Chinese" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Chinese</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Portuguese" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Portuguese</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/French" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>French</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/HaitianCreole" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HaitianCreole</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Korean" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Korean</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Japanese" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Japanese</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Polish" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Polish</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Hmong" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Hmong</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Vietnamese" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Vietnamese</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Tagalog" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Tagalog</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Russian" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Russian</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/Dakota" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Dakota</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/languages" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>languages</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/linguistics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>linguistics</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/immigration" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>immigration</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/immigrant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>immigrant</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/immigrants" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>immigrants</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/map" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>map</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/maps" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>maps</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/graphic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>graphic</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/graphics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>graphics</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/data" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>data</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/visualization" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>visualization</span></a> <a href="https://federate.social/tags/DataViz" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DataViz</span></a></p>
DoomsdaysCW<p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Germany" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Germany</span></a> seeks to <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/deport" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>deport</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/protesters" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>protesters</span></a> </p><p>Submitted by webadmin on 9 April, 2025</p><p> "The German state has issued deportation orders for three <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/EUCitizens" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>EUCitizens</span></a> and one <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/American" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>American</span></a> who have attended <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ProPalestinian" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ProPalestinian</span></a> protests.</p><p>"Berlin immigration authorities issued the orders on 31 March, demanding that the four individuals leave Germany within one month or else face deportation. Their orders cite a protest in October 2024 in which masked individuals caused 'significant property damage, including <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/graffiti" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>graffiti</span></a>', as well as resisting arrest and calling a <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>police</span></a> officer a '<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fascist" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>fascist</span></a>'.</p><p>"Unusually, three of the four orders also invoke the German principle of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Staatsr%C3%A4son" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Staatsräson</span></a>, (“<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/StateReason" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>StateReason</span></a>”). This term originates from a speech <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/AngelaMerkel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AngelaMerkel</span></a> gave to the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IsraeliKnesset" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>IsraeliKnesset</span></a> in 2008, asserting that <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Israeli" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Israeli</span></a> security was fundamental to the purpose of the German state.</p><p>"Staatsräson is not an officially defined term or codified anywhere in the German constitution or by German courts. At least two of the protestors are appealing the decision, with their lawyer telling Al-Monitor that it is a 'political concept, not a legal concept, and therefore unlawful'.</p><p>"In any case, the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/deportation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>deportation</span></a> of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/activists" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>activists</span></a> for <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/protesting" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>protesting</span></a> should be opposed.</p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Khalil" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Khalil</span></a></p><p>"The activists’ lawyer has drawn parallels to the case of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/MahmoudKhalil" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MahmoudKhalil</span></a> in the US. 'I see similarities… It is weaponization of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ImmigrationLaw" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ImmigrationLaw</span></a> as a tool to silence <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PoliticalDissent" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PoliticalDissent</span></a>'. Khalil’s case may also lead to a debate on interpretations of the US constitution’s <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FirstAmendment" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FirstAmendment</span></a>.</p><p>"Back in February, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Berlin" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Berlin</span></a> police broke up a protest, citing a ban on '<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ArabicChanting" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ArabicChanting</span></a>', the playing of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ArabicMusic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ArabicMusic</span></a>, or giving a speech in <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a>. In October 2024, police raided the homes of five men, four of whom were being investigated over 'authorship of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/antisemitic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>antisemitic</span></a> social media posts'.</p><p>Clapping</p><p>"And after the joint Israeli-Palestinian documentary <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NoOtherLand" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NoOtherLand</span></a> won an Academy Award, German culture minister Claudia Roth insisted that she was only clapping for Israeli director Yuval Abraham, not Palestinian director <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BaselAdra" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BaselAdra</span></a>. Several politicians, including the mayor of Berlin, called for her resignation. A torrent of public criticism was aimed at <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/YuvalAbraham" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>YuvalAbraham</span></a> for his acceptance speech, to which he responded: 'To stand on German soil as the son of Holocaust survivors and call for a ceasefire — and to then be labelled as antisemitic is not only outrageous, it is also literally putting Jewish lives in danger.'</p><p>"Israeli politicians cited German politicians when attacking the filmmakers themselves, and only weeks later, co-director <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/HamdanBallal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HamdanBallal</span></a> was attacked by <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IsraeliSettlers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>IsraeliSettlers</span></a> in the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/WestBank" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>WestBank</span></a>, and removed from an ambulance by <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IDF" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>IDF</span></a> soldiers.</p><p>"German Staatsräson is less about assuring Israel’s right to exist, and more about giving a free hand to the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/repressive" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>repressive</span></a> policies of the Israeli right." </p><p>Source:<br><a href="https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2025-04-09/germany-seeks-deport-protesters" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">workersliberty.org/story/2025-</span><span class="invisible">04-09/germany-seeks-deport-protesters</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CriminalizingDissent" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CriminalizingDissent</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ProPalestineActivists" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ProPalestineActivists</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ProPalestine" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ProPalestine</span></a> <br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CriminalizingProtest" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CriminalizingProtest</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/AntiProtestLaws" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AntiProtestLaws</span></a><br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GermanyPol" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GermanyPol</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GermanAntiProtestLaws" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GermanAntiProtestLaws</span></a><br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Authoritarianism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authoritarianism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Fascism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Fascism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/RightWing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>RightWing</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/StudentProtesters" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>StudentProtesters</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Zionism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Zionism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BibiIsAWarCriminal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BibiIsAWarCriminal</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Enablers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Enablers</span></a></p>
IndieAuthors.Social News<p>Ingram’s Lightning Source Sharjah Partners With Saudi Arabia’s Rushd</p><p>The Sharjah SPC Free Zone-based Ingram Lightning Source installation opens a collaboration with Saudi Arabia's Rushd Bookstore program.<br><a href="https://publishingperspectives.com/2025/04/ingrams-lightning-source-sharjah-partners-with-saudi-arabias-rushd/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">publishingperspectives.com/202</span><span class="invisible">5/04/ingrams-lightning-source-sharjah-partners-with-saudi-arabias-rushd/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a> <a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/ArabicLanguage" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ArabicLanguage</span></a> <a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/Bookselling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Bookselling</span></a> <a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/Bookstore" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Bookstore</span></a> <a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/DavidTaylor" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DavidTaylor</span></a><br><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/indieauthors" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>indieauthors</span></a></span></p>
bebatjof 🇵🇸<p>This just in: whatsapp in Arabic is waatsab. Waats Ab. </p><p><a href="https://twoot.site/tags/til" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>til</span></a> <a href="https://twoot.site/tags/arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>arabic</span></a></p>
IndieAuthors.Social News<p>Hoda Barakat, Haruki Murakami Lead Zayed Award Winners</p><p>The avidly followed Lebanese author Hoda Barakat is the Literature category winner of this new round of Sheikh Zayed Book Awards. <br> The post Hoda Barakat, Haruki Murakami Lead Zayed Award Winners appeared first on Publishing Perspectives.<br><a href="https://publishingperspectives.com/2025/04/hoda-barakat-haruki-murakami-lead-zayed-award-winners/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">publishingperspectives.com/202</span><span class="invisible">5/04/hoda-barakat-haruki-murakami-lead-zayed-award-winners/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/AbuDhabi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AbuDhabi</span></a> <a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/AbuDhabiArabicLanguageCenter" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AbuDhabiArabicLanguageCenter</span></a> <a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a> <a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/Authors" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Authors</span></a> <a href="https://indieauthors.social/tags/BookPrize" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BookPrize</span></a><br><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/indieauthors" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>indieauthors</span></a></span></p>
זשאַבע-זיללאַ<p>"Whenever the <a href="https://babka.social/tags/author" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>author</span></a> and <a href="https://babka.social/tags/playwright" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>playwright</span></a> Samantha Ellis tries to define her heritage to people, she often finds them correcting her. “So many times I’ve said I’m an <a href="https://babka.social/tags/Iraqi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Iraqi</span></a> <a href="https://babka.social/tags/Jew" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Jew</span></a> and been… told ‘you mean you’re mixed’ or ‘which parent is which?’ or just ‘how weird’,” she writes in her richly detailed <a href="https://babka.social/tags/memoir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>memoir</span></a>, in which she explores the complex, centuries-old history of the Iraqi-<a href="https://babka.social/tags/Jewish" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Jewish</span></a> community and its vanishing language, <a href="https://babka.social/tags/Judeo" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Judeo</span></a>-Iraqi <a href="https://babka.social/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a>.</p><p>The daughter of Iraqi-Jewish <a href="https://babka.social/tags/refugees" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>refugees</span></a> who came separately to <a href="https://babka.social/tags/London" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>London</span></a> with their families during periods of persecution for the community in <a href="https://babka.social/tags/Baghdad" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Baghdad</span></a>, Ellis is moved to seek out <a href="https://babka.social/tags/stories" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>stories</span></a>, expressions and objects that will fill some of the gaps in that <a href="https://babka.social/tags/history" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>history</span></a> when she realises that she lacks the vocabulary to pass on the language of her childhood to her own young son."</p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/apr/06/chopping-onions-on-my-heart-by-samantha-ellis-review-an-iraqi-jews-celebration-of-an-endangered-culture" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">theguardian.com/books/2025/apr</span><span class="invisible">/06/chopping-onions-on-my-heart-by-samantha-ellis-review-an-iraqi-jews-celebration-of-an-endangered-culture</span></a></p>
Dirk<p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://chaos.social/@HonkHase" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>HonkHase</span></a></span> <br>Yeah, I have to admit, this doesn't come to me with any surprise.<br><a href="https://digitalcourage.social/tags/Microsoft" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Microsoft</span></a> has contracts with <a href="https://digitalcourage.social/tags/military" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>military</span></a> and military contractors, therefor it shouldn't be surprising, that any <a href="https://digitalcourage.social/tags/tech" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>tech</span></a> in their <a href="https://digitalcourage.social/tags/portfolio" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>portfolio</span></a> is open for sale, especially the dual-use ones. 😕 </p><p>What surprised me in the last weeks, that <a href="https://digitalcourage.social/tags/arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>arabic</span></a> family clans in <a href="https://digitalcourage.social/tags/Gaza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Gaza</span></a> protested loud enough against Hamas, that (at least first) Al Jazeera ignored it, while international outlets seemed to pick it up.<br>But the <a href="https://digitalcourage.social/tags/worst" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>worst</span></a> in my humble opinion that I didn't notice any loud response out of the other Arabic countries to support these protests, yet. I think this is equally irresponsible, as it looks like the definition of "collateral damage" the IDF takes into account on the behalf of the <a href="https://digitalcourage.social/tags/israel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>israel</span></a> government.</p><p>This whole <a href="https://digitalcourage.social/tags/shitshow" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>shitshow</span></a> there is straining my tolerance for ambiguity to the max.</p>
Benjamin Suchard<p><strong>Rethinking Proto-Semitic</strong></p><p>This week, I was stoked to attend a workshop in Marburg, Germany, entitled “Rethinking Proto-Semitic” and organized by profs Stefan Weninger and Michael Waltisberg. Despite some cancellations, the workshop had an amazing lineup of speakers—and a terrific atmosphere. Here’s my summary of the talks.</p><p><strong>Leonid Kogan</strong>, “What can we learn from Eblaite on Proto-Semitic morphology?” Ongoing study and decipherment of the 24th-century BCE East Semitic language from Ebla, Syria shows the following features that are interesting for reconstruction:</p><ol><li>personal pronouns: independent 1sg. /ʔanā/, 1pl. /nuḥnū/, 2m.sg. /ʔatta/, 2m.pl. /ʔattunu/, 3m.sg. /suwa/, 3f.sg. /siya/; suffixed 1du. /-nay/, 1pl. /-nu/, 2du. /-kumay(n)/, 3du. /-sumay(n)/</li><li>3m.pl. prefix conjugation /ti-…-ū/</li><li><em>t</em>-perfect, as in Mesopotamian Akkadian</li><li>autobenefactive use of the ventive /-am/</li><li>no subjunctive marker -u, unlike Mesopotamian Akkadian (this is big)</li><li><em>t</em>-stem infinitives with both prefixation and infixation, like <em>dar-da-bí-tum</em> /tartappidum/ ‘to roam here and there’, cf. <em>ra-ba-tum</em> /rapādum/ ‘to roam’</li><li>nominal oblique “masculine” plural ending /-ay/, as reconstructed for Sargonic Akkadian and Assyrian and compatible with Babylonian; unlike Central Semitic *-ī-na</li><li>singular case endings preserved in the construct state and before pronominal suffixes, e.g. <em>ba-lu da-a-tim</em> /baʕlu daʕātim/ ‘owner of knowledge (nom.)’, <em>me-gi-ru</em>12<em>-zu</em> /migrusu/ ‘his favourite (nom.)’</li><li>productive use of terminative *-is, e.g. DU-<em>ti-iš</em> /halaktis/ ‘for the journey’</li><li>‘twenty’ with -ū vowel like Central Semitic, not -ā like other languages</li></ol><p><strong>Maria Bulakh</strong>, “Intercalated *<em>a</em> as a plural marker in Soqotri and its implications for the reconstruction of Proto-Semitic”. While superficially hard to recognize (and Jorik and I didn’t attempt to in <a href="https://www.academia.edu/47400828/_Northwest_Semitic_sg_CVCC_pl_CVCaC_%C5%AB_Broken_plural_or_regular_reflex" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">our paper on this subject</a>), reconstruction of Modern South Arabian and especially Soqotri attest insertion of *<em>-a-</em> between the second and third radical of *<em>CVCC-</em> nouns in the plural. No external plural suffix though.</p><p><strong>Me</strong>, “Rethinking the Proto-Semitic stative”. Slides <a href="https://www.academia.edu/128593001/Rethinking_the_Proto_Semitic_stative" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>. Got some good suggestions for languages where I could go looking for a synchronic distinction between resultative *<em>qatal-a</em> and preterit *<em>ya-qtul</em>.</p>Me presenting. The audience was bigger than it looks here, although not much (around 15 people).<p><strong>Ahmad Al-Jallad</strong>, “Revisiting the post-verbal morphemes *<em>-u</em> and *<em>-n(V)</em> in Semitic: a proposal for a unified theory”. The different verbal suffixes/enclitics shaped like <em>-u</em> and <em>-n(V)</em> in Akkadian, Central Semitic possibly Modern South Arabian, and Gurage (South Abyssinian) could all descend from the Proto-Semitic *<em>=u(m)</em> locative, which gained various subordinating and durative meanings. Central Semitic *<em>ya-qtul-u</em> instead of *<em>ya-qattal-u</em> for the imperfect could show a collapse in the distinction between *<em>ya-qtul</em> and *<em>ya-qattal</em> related to the rise of the West Semitic perfect *<em>qatal-a</em>.</p><p><strong>Michael Waltisberg</strong>, “Issues of reconstructive methodology in Semitics”. Based on his review of Rebecca Hasselbach(-Andee)’s 2013 <em>Case in Semitic</em>, Waltisberg discussed some methodological questions like whether our reconstructed Proto-Semitic represents an actually spoken language or just maps correspondences between different languages and whether there is room for dialectal diversity and different chronological stages within a protolanguage. (Prof. Hasselbach-Andee sadly had to cancel her planned attendance.)</p><p><strong>Lutz Edzard</strong>, “Linguistic divergence and convergence in Arabic and Semitic revisited”. As the most protolanguage-sceptic scholar at the workshop, Edzard reviewed some of his problems with the linear-descent-only family tree model where every language in a family descends from a kind of ancestral singularity with no internal diversity.</p><p><strong>Vera Tsukanova</strong>, “What can modern Arabic dialects reveal about the etymology of the L-stem in Semitic?” The development of the L-stem (*<em>qātal-</em>) in historical Arabic suggests that it is more likely that this stem originally had a concrete meaning like applicative that was bleached in some languages than that it was originally vague and acquired its specific meaning in pre-Arabic.</p><p><strong>Eran Cohen</strong>, “Semitic <em>k-</em>based similative particles—comparative and diachronic aspects”. Different Semitic particles starting with <em>k-</em> can be diachronically related to each other according to recognized historical pathways of development.</p><p><strong>Na’ama Pat-El</strong>, “Homomorphs and reconstruction”. We are probably not dealing with one, syncretic morpheme but rather two homophonous ones in the cases of 1) prefix conjugation 2m.sg./3f.sg. *<em>t</em>-; (2) f.sg. abstract noun/m.pl. adjective suffix *<em>-ūt</em>-; (3) f.sg. noun or adjective/weak root verbal noun or infinitive suffix *<em>-t-</em>. In the latter, most controversial case, Pat-El invoked some evidence that the verbal nouns like Biblical Hebrew <em>šéḇeṯ</em> ‘sitting’ (from <em>y-š-b</em>) are syntactically masculine (e.g. Ps 133:1).</p><p><strong>Stefan Weninger</strong>, “The Semitic <em>Urheimat</em> question: a review of the proposals and some perspectives”. An overview of some proposed points of dispersal for the Semitic languages since the late 19th century, the main contenders being the Arabian peninsula and East and North Africa. In the Q&amp;A, Kogan added his own suggestion, published in an Encyclopedia Aethiopica article: Canaan.</p><p><strong>Walter Sommerfeld</strong>, “The concept of a common Semitic cultural area (‘Kish Civilization’) in the 3rd millennium”. Contemporary evidence shows that there is no basis for Ignace Gelb’s concept of a distinctly Semitic culture in Early Dynastic northern Babylonia.</p><p>Apart from these talks, we spent about half the time in unstructured panel discussions, on phonology, morphology, methodology, and classification/<em>Urheimat</em> questions. Each discussion was kicked off by a short, stimulating talk, mostly by attendees who did not present full papers: <strong>Martin Kümmel</strong>, <strong>Michaël Cysouw</strong>, and <strong>Aaron Rubin</strong>. This was an experimental feature of the workshop, and I’m on the fence about it; the discussions were certainly fun and a lot of interesting points were brought up (e.g. Kogan: linguistic paleontology shows that Proto-Semitic speakers <em>did</em> know hyraxes but did <em>not</em> know oryxes, and only Canaan is [+hyrax][-oryx]), but it felt like they yielded fewer concrete insights than regular talks would have. It was a nice way to get some more people involved, though, also from adjacent fields (Indo-European/Indo-Iranian and Caucasian/Germanic linguistics).</p><p>All in all, it was wonderful to be able to fully geek out about Proto-Semitic and its daughters for a couple of days. There’s plans to publish proceedings, so hopefully in a few years you’ll be able to read all about these topics in full detail. Stay tuned.</p><p><span></span></p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/akkadian/" target="_blank">#Akkadian</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/arabic/" target="_blank">#Arabic</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/berber/" target="_blank">#Berber</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/conference/" target="_blank">#conference</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/east-cushitic/" target="_blank">#EastCushitic</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/eblaite/" target="_blank">#Eblaite</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/egyptian/" target="_blank">#Egyptian</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/gurage/" target="_blank">#Gurage</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/hebrew/" target="_blank">#Hebrew</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/linguistics/" target="_blank">#linguistics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/modern-south-arabian/" target="_blank">#ModernSouthArabian</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/news/" target="_blank">#news</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://bnuyaminim.wordpress.com/tag/proto-semitic/" target="_blank">#ProtoSemitic</a></p>
FID Nahost<p><a href="https://openbiblio.social/tags/CatchOfTheDay" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CatchOfTheDay</span></a><br><a href="https://openbiblio.social/tags/OpenAccess" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>OpenAccess</span></a> on <br><a href="https://openbiblio.social/tags/MENAdoc" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MENAdoc</span></a>: <br> <br>"Humor in der arabischen Kultur" von Georges Tamer (Ed.)</p><p>[Berlin [u.a.], 2009]</p><p><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.25673/112843" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">http://</span><span class="">dx.doi.org/10.25673/112843</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p><a href="https://openbiblio.social/tags/arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>arabic</span></a> <a href="https://openbiblio.social/tags/literature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>literature</span></a> <a href="https://openbiblio.social/tags/humor" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>humor</span></a> <a href="https://openbiblio.social/tags/aprilfools" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>aprilfools</span></a> <a href="https://openbiblio.social/tags/aprilfoolsday" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>aprilfoolsday</span></a></p>
Annika Rockenberger (she/they)<p>👉 We did a thing, and I wrote about it: At the beginning of February, we held a transcription sprint for <a href="https://fedihum.org/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a> to train an <a href="https://fedihum.org/tags/ATR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ATR</span></a> model in Transkribus.<br>Read about what we did and how we did it on our project blog on <a href="https://fedihum.org/tags/Hypotheses" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Hypotheses</span></a>: <a href="https://dsenetwork.hypotheses.org/749" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">dsenetwork.hypotheses.org/749</span><span class="invisible"></span></a><br>Yes, we know there are excellent ATR models for Arabic out there; they're just not available on <a href="https://fedihum.org/tags/Transkribus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Transkribus</span></a>, and that is the platform researchers here at <a href="https://fedihum.org/tags/UniOslo" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>UniOslo</span></a> prefer.</p>
stef<p><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Mandarin" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mandarin</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Chinese" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Chinese</span></a> tops the list of the 6 hardest languages to learn due to its tonal system, vast character set, and non-phonetic script.</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a>, <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Japanese" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Japanese</span></a>, <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Korean" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Korean</span></a>, <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Hungarian" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Hungarian</span></a>, and <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Finnish" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Finnish</span></a> follow, each with unique challenges like complex grammar, dialects, and scripts. <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/LanguageLearning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LanguageLearning</span></a></p><p><a href="https://gtelocalize.com/most-difficult-language-in-the-world/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">gtelocalize.com/most-difficult</span><span class="invisible">-language-in-the-world/</span></a></p>
oplatzunited<p><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/healthcare" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>healthcare</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/asylum" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>asylum</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/refugeerights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>refugeerights</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/linoldruck" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>linoldruck</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/linolprinting" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>linolprinting</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>arabic</span></a> <br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/oplatz" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>oplatz</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/oplatzlebt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>oplatzlebt</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/oplatzunited" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>oplatzunited</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/b2703" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>b2703</span></a></p>
Fedi.Garden 🌱<p>Arabi.gay is a Glitch Mastodon server for Arabs, people from the SWANA region or Arabic speakers (including all dialects) who are LGBTQIA+. Anyone over 18 is welcome to join.</p><p>:Fediverse: <a href="https://arabi.gay" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">arabi.gay</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p>You can find out more at <a href="https://arabi.gay/about" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">arabi.gay/about</span><span class="invisible"></span></a> or contact the admin <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://arabi.gay/@ishraaf" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>ishraaf</span></a></span> </p><p><a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/FeaturedServer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FeaturedServer</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/Arab" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arab</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/SWANA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SWANA</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/LGBTQIA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LGBTQIA</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/Gay" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Gay</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/Arabs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabs</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/NorthAfrica" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NorthAfrica</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/SouthWestAsia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SouthWestAsia</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/Glitch" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Glitch</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/GlitchMastodon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GlitchMastodon</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/Mastodon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mastodon</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/Fediverse" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Fediverse</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/FreeFediverse" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FreeFediverse</span></a> <a href="https://social.growyourown.services/tags/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>العربية</span></a></p>
jdmccafferty<p>23 Mar 1632: Abraham Wheelocke becomes the first professor of <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a> in <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Cambridge" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Cambridge</span></a> &amp; in <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/England" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>England</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/otd" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>otd</span></a> (eebo)</p>
Arthur Lapraye<p>Can anyone recommend me books about arabic dialectology and historical linguistics of arabic languages/dialects ? </p><p><a href="https://social.sciences.re/tags/linguistics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>linguistics</span></a><br><a href="https://social.sciences.re/tags/arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>arabic</span></a><br><a href="https://social.sciences.re/tags/semiticlanguages" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>semiticlanguages</span></a></p>
ticho<p>Discovered a decent <a href="https://mas.to/tags/arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>arabic</span></a> <a href="https://mas.to/tags/triphop" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>triphop</span></a> band today, called Soapkills. BRB, buying all their albums on <a href="https://mas.to/tags/Bandcamp" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Bandcamp</span></a>.</p><p><a href="https://mas.to/tags/Soapkills" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Soapkills</span></a></p>
ticho<p>Ok, so while learning a foreign <a href="https://mas.to/tags/language" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>language</span></a>, I made a typo while looking up a certain word. The confused look on the face of my teacher when I told him that I want a house with many widows, instead of wiNdows, was priceless. 😳 😆 </p><p><a href="https://mas.to/tags/arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>arabic</span></a></p>
RememberUsAlways<p>"The rogue editors, at least 30 of them, flooded one of the world’s most popular sites with <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/antisemitic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>antisemitic</span></a> narratives, anti-Israel bias, and misleading information,” according to the report by the ADL’s Center for Tech and Society.</p><p>The alleged bias also extended to pervasive “pro-<a href="https://newsie.social/tags/Hamas" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Hamas</span></a> perspectives” across <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a> anguage <a href="https://newsie.social/tags/Wikipedia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Wikipedia</span></a> content, the report claimed."</p><p><a href="https://newsie.social/tags/newsrewind" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>newsrewind</span></a> </p><p><a href="https://nypost.com/2025/03/18/business/dozens-of-wikipedia-editors-colluded-on-years-long-anti-israel-campaign-bombshell-adl-report-claims/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">nypost.com/2025/03/18/business</span><span class="invisible">/dozens-of-wikipedia-editors-colluded-on-years-long-anti-israel-campaign-bombshell-adl-report-claims/</span></a></p>
Benjamin Geer<p>The Art of Arabic Translation: An Interview With Roger Allen <a href="https://themarkaz.org/the-art-of-arabic-translation-an-interview-with-roger-allen/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">themarkaz.org/the-art-of-arabi</span><span class="invisible">c-translation-an-interview-with-roger-allen/</span></a> <a href="https://piaille.fr/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a> <a href="https://piaille.fr/tags/literature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>literature</span></a> <a href="https://piaille.fr/tags/translation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>translation</span></a></p>
Dorothea Lange<p>Employment office on Howard Street. San Francisco, California </p><p> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/HowardStreet" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HowardStreet</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/SanFrancisco" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SanFrancisco</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/California" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>California</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/RanchCook" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>RanchCook</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/ItalianChalk" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ItalianChalk</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/Acker" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Acker</span></a>-FullString <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/RoastBeef" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>RoastBeef</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/Arabic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Arabic</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/SanFranciscos" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SanFranciscos</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/America" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>America</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/undefined" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>undefined</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>photography</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.ozioso.online/tags/DorotheaLange" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DorotheaLange</span></a> </p><p><a href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2017769699/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">loc.gov/pictures/item/20177696</span><span class="invisible">99/</span></a></p>
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